The Maltese dog breed is known for its adaptability to home life and small size. In this guide, you will find all the information you are curious about regarding the Maltese dog. As a veterinary content expert, I will explain the characteristics and care processes of this breed to you. Our goal is for your dog to lead a healthy and comfortable life. If you are considering adopting a Maltese dog or have a dog of this breed in your home, you are in the right place. In the following sections, we will examine every detail from physical characteristics to health problems.
The Maltese dog breed has accompanied humans for centuries. Throughout history, it has been seen alongside nobility. Today, it is one of the most suitable breeds for living in apartment flats. These dogs are known not only for their appearance but also for their devotion to their owners. However, their care requires attention. To be a healthy Maltese dog owner, it is essential that you possess the right information.
General Overview and Origin Information
Maltese dogs are of Mediterranean origin. It is thought that they take their name from the island of Malta. In the past, they were used in port cities to protect grain warehouses from rats. Over time, these duties ended, and they became purely house dogs. Their small size makes them portable. Thanks to these features, the Maltese dog is a good choice for people who love to travel.
The most distinct characteristic of this breed is being human-oriented. They want to be in constant communication with their owners. They do not like being left alone. If no one is home for a long time, they may experience stress. This situation can lead to behavioral disorders. Therefore, a Maltese dog may not be suitable for people who work intensely and visit home infrequently.
Physical Characteristics of the Maltese Dog and Body Structure
The most striking aspect of the Maltese dog breed is its white coat. According to Merck Veterinary Manual data, these dogs are generally under 3 kilograms. Their shoulder heights vary between 20 centimeters and 25 centimeters. Their bodies are compact and sturdy. Although they are small, their bone structures are not fragile.
Their coats are single-layered. There is no undercoat. This feature reduces shedding. For people with allergies, this situation provides an advantage. Their hair has a structure similar to human hair. As the Maltese dog grows, the need for care increases. Their eyes are dark-colored and round. Their noses are black. The black nose and eyes create a clear contrast with the white fur. Their ears are low-set and located on the sides of the head. Their tails stand curled over their backs.
Temperament and Character Analysis
Maltese dogs are lively and energetic. Despite their size, they behave bravely. They react to everything happening inside the house. When the doorbell rings or they hear a strange sound, they bark. These features make them good alarm dogs. However, if the barking behavior is not controlled, it can become a problem for your Maltese dog.
It is an intelligent breed. They grasp training easily. You get fast results with reward-based training methods. They have a social nature. However, if they are not socialized while puppies, they stand distant towards strangers. They get along well with other pets. They can live in the same house with cats or other dogs. They are very fond of their owners. They love sitting on laps and being petted. They enjoy playing games. Fetch games especially attract the interest of a Maltese dog.
Critical Points Regarding Health
The Maltese dog breed is generally long-lived. However, there are some diseases to which they are genetically predisposed. Attention should be paid to these points during veterinarian checks.
- Patellar Luxation (dislocation of the kneecap): It is frequently seen in small breed dogs. The kneecap slips out of its normal groove. The dog lifts its rear leg in the air or hops while walking. In advanced cases, surgical intervention is required.
- Hypoglycemia (drop in blood sugar): It is especially common in Maltese dog puppies. Staying hungry for a long time lowers blood sugar. Weakness and trembling are seen. Regular and frequent feeding is important.
- Mitral Valve Disease (leaking problem in the heart valve): According to Morris Animal Foundation data, the risk of heart problems increases in elderly small breeds. The heart valve does not close completely, and blood leaks backward. Coughing and tiring quickly are among the symptoms.
- Portosystemic Shunt (dirty blood bypassing the liver): It is a congenital problem. Blood circulates to the body without being cleaned in the liver. It creates developmental retardation and neurological problems.
- White Shaker Syndrome (tremors seen in the whole body): It is seen in white-colored small dogs. The dog trembles involuntarily. It usually appears at young ages. It is kept under control with medication treatment.
- Dental and Gum Diseases: Their mouths are small. Teeth are arranged tightly. This situation causes food residues to accumulate. Plaque and tartar form quickly. WSAVA emphasizes the effect of dental health on general health. If neglected, tooth losses occur.
Basic Care Requirements
Maltese dog care requires time and effort. The coat needs to be brushed every day. Unbrushed hair knots quickly. Knots prevent the skin from breathing. This situation leads to skin infections. Many owners prefer to cut the hair short. This is called a puppy cut. The care of short hair is easier.
Eye area cleaning is very important. Tear discharge causes stains on white fur. Red or brown stains form. The eye area should be wiped with a damp cotton ball every day. Special eye cleaning solutions can be used.
One must be sensitive regarding nutrition. Quality dry foods should be preferred. They are prone to gaining weight. Excess weight puts a load on the joints. Portion control must be done. Human foods should not be given. Especially oily and spicy foods disrupt the digestive system of a Maltese dog.
Mental and Physical Activity
Maltese dogs need mental stimulation. Physical exercise alone is not enough. Playing puzzle games keeps their minds active. Finding a hidden toy or practicing command training makes them happy.
Daily walks should not be neglected. Walking for 20 minutes twice a day is sufficient. These walks are necessary for toilet needs and socialization. Very long and tiring activities should be avoided. One must be careful in hot weather. Because they are small, the Maltese dog may struggle to balance its body temperature.
What to Do? Practical Solution Suggestions
Follow these steps to protect your Maltese dog’s health:
- Tooth Brushing: Brush their teeth at least three times a week. Use toothpastes produced for dogs. This process delays tartar formation.
- Coat Brushing: Brush their coat by setting aside 10 minutes every day. Pay attention to areas like armpits and behind the ears. These areas knot quickly.
- Safe Zone: Hide cables in the house. Remove small objects. Because they are curious, they can take everything into their mouths.
- Veterinary Check: Follow the vaccination schedule. Have a general examination done once a year. Reduce this period to six months in elderly dogs.
- Observation: Watch your dog’s behaviors. Loss of appetite or inactivity is a symptom of illness. Early diagnosis saves lives.
- Nail Care: Cut their nails regularly. Long nails disrupt walking and cause pain.
The Maltese dog breed is a wonderful housemate when cared for correctly. Meeting their needs is the owner’s responsibility. Give importance to their physical and mental health. In this way, you will live together for many years.
Sources : World Small Animal Veterinary Association, Morris Animal Foundation, Merck Veterinary Manual
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